Press release
Automotive Catalytic Converter Market: Projected Growth to $198.06B by 2032 | Persistence Market Research
The global automotive catalytic converter market is projected to reach USD 121.74 billion by 2025, with a CAGR of 7.2%, and is expected to grow to USD 198.06 billion by 2032. The market is driven by stringent emission regulations, increased automobile manufacturing in emerging markets, and advances in pollution control technology. Europe, with a 35.2% share in 2024, is leading due to regulatory initiatives and the presence of major automakers, while Asia Pacific, accounting for 37.4% of the market, benefits from industrialization and stricter emission standards. Palladium remains the dominant material due to its efficient performance, and the three-way oxidation-reduction catalytic converter segment leads with a 46.8% market share. The rise of hybrid and electric vehicles is further accelerating the adoption of advanced emission control systems.
𝐆𝐞𝐭 𝐚 𝐒𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞 𝐑𝐞𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭: https://www.persistencemarketresearch.com/samples/35049
𝐊𝐞𝐲 𝐃𝐫𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐌𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐞𝐭 𝐆𝐫𝐨𝐰𝐭𝐡: 𝐒𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐄𝐦𝐢𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐒𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐚𝐫𝐝𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐑𝐢𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐄𝐧𝐯𝐢𝐫𝐨𝐧𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐫𝐧𝐬
The automotive industry is witnessing a shift towards more eco-friendly solutions, and catalytic converters play a crucial role in achieving this transformation. The growing environmental concerns related to air pollution and carbon emissions are driving regulatory authorities worldwide to implement stricter emission standards. These regulations compel automotive manufacturers to integrate advanced catalytic converters into their vehicles to reduce harmful emissions such as carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), and nitrogen oxides (NOx).
In particular, the European Union and the United States have implemented stringent regulations such as Euro 6 and Tier 3, which are pushing manufacturers to innovate and adopt catalytic converter technologies that meet these requirements. As a result, the demand for advanced catalytic converters is expected to rise, contributing significantly to the market's growth.
𝐓𝐞𝐜𝐡𝐧𝐨𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐀𝐝𝐯𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐬: 𝐀 𝐊𝐞𝐲 𝐂𝐚𝐭𝐚𝐥𝐲𝐬𝐭 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐌𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐞𝐭 𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐚𝐧𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧
The automotive catalytic converter market is also witnessing rapid technological advancements. Manufacturers are focusing on improving the efficiency of catalytic converters by utilizing new materials and enhancing their designs. For instance, platinum, palladium, and rhodium are the primary precious metals used in catalytic converters to enable the catalytic reaction that converts harmful gases into less toxic substances.
Recent innovations in catalytic converter technology, such as the development of hybrid and electric vehicle-compatible converters, are also gaining traction. These vehicles require specialized catalytic converters to ensure efficient emission control while maintaining performance. As the automotive industry shifts towards electric and hybrid vehicles, the demand for catalytic converters adapted for these technologies is expected to grow significantly.
𝐈𝐦𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐆𝐫𝐨𝐰𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐕𝐞𝐡𝐢𝐜𝐥𝐞 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐚𝐥𝐞𝐬
The automotive catalytic converter market's growth is closely linked to the rise in global vehicle production and sales. As more vehicles are manufactured, the need for catalytic converters increases, contributing to the market's expansion. Rising disposable incomes in emerging economies, coupled with increased urbanization, are driving higher vehicle sales, particularly in regions such as Asia-Pacific and Latin America.
In addition to the growing demand for personal vehicles, the rising popularity of electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) is fueling the need for catalytic converters designed to meet the specific requirements of these advanced vehicles. This trend is expected to significantly boost the demand for catalytic converters over the next decade.
𝐂𝐡𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐧𝐠𝐞𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐀𝐮𝐭𝐨𝐦𝐨𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐂𝐚𝐭𝐚𝐥𝐲𝐭𝐢𝐜 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐌𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐞𝐭
While the automotive catalytic converter market shows immense growth potential, it faces several challenges. One of the main hurdles is the volatility in the prices of precious metals such as platinum, palladium, and rhodium, which are essential for catalytic converter manufacturing. Fluctuations in the prices of these metals can impact the overall cost of catalytic converters, affecting both manufacturers and consumers.
Additionally, the emergence of electric vehicles (EVs), which do not require catalytic converters, poses a potential challenge to the market. As EV adoption continues to grow, the demand for traditional catalytic converters may see a decline in the long term. However, this challenge can be mitigated by the development of new catalytic converter technologies tailored for hybrid and electric vehicles.
𝐑𝐞𝐠𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐈𝐧𝐬𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐭𝐬: 𝐍𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐡 𝐀𝐦𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐚 𝐭𝐨 𝐌𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐃𝐨𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞
North America is expected to maintain a dominant position in the global automotive catalytic converter market, driven by the stringent emission regulations in the United States and Canada. The adoption of electric and hybrid vehicles in the region is also contributing to the increased demand for advanced catalytic converters.
In Europe, the shift towards stricter emission standards and the strong presence of automotive manufacturers is driving the growth of the market. The European Union's focus on reducing greenhouse gas emissions, along with initiatives to encourage the use of cleaner technologies, is boosting the demand for catalytic converters.
The Asia-Pacific region, particularly China and India, is witnessing rapid growth in vehicle production and sales, which is driving the demand for automotive catalytic converters. As emerging economies in this region continue to industrialize and urbanize, the demand for vehicles and, consequently, catalytic converters, is expected to increase.
𝐌𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐞𝐭 𝐓𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐝𝐬: 𝐑𝐢𝐬𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐑𝐞𝐜𝐲𝐜𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐮𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐈𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐬
A notable trend in the automotive catalytic converter market is the increasing emphasis on recycling and sustainability. Precious metals used in catalytic converters, particularly platinum, palladium, and rhodium, are costly and finite resources. As such, manufacturers and industry players are focusing on developing recycling programs to recover these metals from used catalytic converters.
Recycling not only helps reduce the cost of manufacturing new catalytic converters but also promotes sustainability by minimizing the environmental impact associated with mining these precious metals. The rise in recycling initiatives is expected to play a key role in shaping the future of the automotive catalytic converter market, offering both economic and environmental benefits.
𝐅𝐮𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐎𝐮𝐭𝐥𝐨𝐨𝐤: 𝐌𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐞𝐭 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐣𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐎𝐩𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐞𝐬
The automotive catalytic converter market is projected to reach a value of $198.06 billion by 2032, growing at a substantial CAGR throughout the forecast period. The continuous innovation in emission control technologies, coupled with the increasing adoption of stricter regulatory frameworks, will contribute to the market's growth.
Furthermore, the rising demand for electric and hybrid vehicles presents a unique opportunity for the market to diversify and develop catalytic converters suited to these advanced technologies. As automakers continue to invest in cleaner, more efficient solutions, the catalytic converter market will remain a vital component in the ongoing shift towards sustainable transportation.
In conclusion, the automotive catalytic converter market is on track for remarkable growth over the next decade. The combination of stricter emission standards, rising environmental concerns, technological advancements, and the increasing vehicle production will drive the demand for catalytic converters. With key challenges such as the volatility of precious metal prices and the rise of electric vehicles, the industry will need to adapt to ensure continued success. The market's future remains promising, with ample opportunities for innovation and growth in the years to come.
𝐑𝐞𝐚𝐝 𝐌𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝐓𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐧𝐠 "𝐏𝐌𝐑 𝐄𝐱𝐜𝐥𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐀𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐥𝐞":
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/north-america-dominate-psa-software-market-44-deyic
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/ai-iot-cloud-solutions-fuel-growth-global-botnet-sbctc
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/asias-robust-electronics-sector-powers-copper-lshpc
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/asia-pacifics-smart-city-growth-boosts-parking-2rhic
𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐜𝐭 𝐔𝐬:
Persistence Market Research
G04 Golden Mile House, Clayponds Lane
Brentford, London, TW8 0GU UK
USA Phone: +1 646-878-6329
UK Phone: +44 203-837-5656
Email: sales@persistencemarketresearch.com
Web: https://www.persistencemarketresearch.com
𝐀𝐛𝐨𝐮𝐭 𝐏𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐌𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐞𝐭 𝐑𝐞𝐬𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐡:
At Persistence Market Research, we specialize in creating research studies that serve as strategic tools for driving business growth. Established as a proprietary firm in 2012, we have evolved into a registered company in England and Wales in 2023 under the name Persistence Research & Consultancy Services Ltd. With a solid foundation, we have completed over 3600 custom and syndicate market research projects, and delivered more than 2700 projects for other leading market research companies' clients.
Our approach combines traditional market research methods with modern tools to offer comprehensive research solutions. With a decade of experience, we pride ourselves on deriving actionable insights from data to help businesses stay ahead of the competition. Our client base spans multinational corporations, leading consulting firms, investment funds, and government departments. A significant portion of our sales comes from repeat clients, a testament to the value and trust we've built over the years.
𝐆𝐞𝐭 𝐚 𝐒𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞 𝐑𝐞𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭: https://www.persistencemarketresearch.com/samples/35049
𝐊𝐞𝐲 𝐃𝐫𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐌𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐞𝐭 𝐆𝐫𝐨𝐰𝐭𝐡: 𝐒𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐄𝐦𝐢𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐒𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐚𝐫𝐝𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐑𝐢𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐄𝐧𝐯𝐢𝐫𝐨𝐧𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐫𝐧𝐬
The automotive industry is witnessing a shift towards more eco-friendly solutions, and catalytic converters play a crucial role in achieving this transformation. The growing environmental concerns related to air pollution and carbon emissions are driving regulatory authorities worldwide to implement stricter emission standards. These regulations compel automotive manufacturers to integrate advanced catalytic converters into their vehicles to reduce harmful emissions such as carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), and nitrogen oxides (NOx).
In particular, the European Union and the United States have implemented stringent regulations such as Euro 6 and Tier 3, which are pushing manufacturers to innovate and adopt catalytic converter technologies that meet these requirements. As a result, the demand for advanced catalytic converters is expected to rise, contributing significantly to the market's growth.
𝐓𝐞𝐜𝐡𝐧𝐨𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐀𝐝𝐯𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐬: 𝐀 𝐊𝐞𝐲 𝐂𝐚𝐭𝐚𝐥𝐲𝐬𝐭 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐌𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐞𝐭 𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐚𝐧𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧
The automotive catalytic converter market is also witnessing rapid technological advancements. Manufacturers are focusing on improving the efficiency of catalytic converters by utilizing new materials and enhancing their designs. For instance, platinum, palladium, and rhodium are the primary precious metals used in catalytic converters to enable the catalytic reaction that converts harmful gases into less toxic substances.
Recent innovations in catalytic converter technology, such as the development of hybrid and electric vehicle-compatible converters, are also gaining traction. These vehicles require specialized catalytic converters to ensure efficient emission control while maintaining performance. As the automotive industry shifts towards electric and hybrid vehicles, the demand for catalytic converters adapted for these technologies is expected to grow significantly.
𝐈𝐦𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐆𝐫𝐨𝐰𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐕𝐞𝐡𝐢𝐜𝐥𝐞 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐚𝐥𝐞𝐬
The automotive catalytic converter market's growth is closely linked to the rise in global vehicle production and sales. As more vehicles are manufactured, the need for catalytic converters increases, contributing to the market's expansion. Rising disposable incomes in emerging economies, coupled with increased urbanization, are driving higher vehicle sales, particularly in regions such as Asia-Pacific and Latin America.
In addition to the growing demand for personal vehicles, the rising popularity of electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) is fueling the need for catalytic converters designed to meet the specific requirements of these advanced vehicles. This trend is expected to significantly boost the demand for catalytic converters over the next decade.
𝐂𝐡𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐧𝐠𝐞𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐀𝐮𝐭𝐨𝐦𝐨𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐂𝐚𝐭𝐚𝐥𝐲𝐭𝐢𝐜 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐌𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐞𝐭
While the automotive catalytic converter market shows immense growth potential, it faces several challenges. One of the main hurdles is the volatility in the prices of precious metals such as platinum, palladium, and rhodium, which are essential for catalytic converter manufacturing. Fluctuations in the prices of these metals can impact the overall cost of catalytic converters, affecting both manufacturers and consumers.
Additionally, the emergence of electric vehicles (EVs), which do not require catalytic converters, poses a potential challenge to the market. As EV adoption continues to grow, the demand for traditional catalytic converters may see a decline in the long term. However, this challenge can be mitigated by the development of new catalytic converter technologies tailored for hybrid and electric vehicles.
𝐑𝐞𝐠𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐈𝐧𝐬𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐭𝐬: 𝐍𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐡 𝐀𝐦𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐚 𝐭𝐨 𝐌𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐃𝐨𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞
North America is expected to maintain a dominant position in the global automotive catalytic converter market, driven by the stringent emission regulations in the United States and Canada. The adoption of electric and hybrid vehicles in the region is also contributing to the increased demand for advanced catalytic converters.
In Europe, the shift towards stricter emission standards and the strong presence of automotive manufacturers is driving the growth of the market. The European Union's focus on reducing greenhouse gas emissions, along with initiatives to encourage the use of cleaner technologies, is boosting the demand for catalytic converters.
The Asia-Pacific region, particularly China and India, is witnessing rapid growth in vehicle production and sales, which is driving the demand for automotive catalytic converters. As emerging economies in this region continue to industrialize and urbanize, the demand for vehicles and, consequently, catalytic converters, is expected to increase.
𝐌𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐞𝐭 𝐓𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐝𝐬: 𝐑𝐢𝐬𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐑𝐞𝐜𝐲𝐜𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐮𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐈𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐬
A notable trend in the automotive catalytic converter market is the increasing emphasis on recycling and sustainability. Precious metals used in catalytic converters, particularly platinum, palladium, and rhodium, are costly and finite resources. As such, manufacturers and industry players are focusing on developing recycling programs to recover these metals from used catalytic converters.
Recycling not only helps reduce the cost of manufacturing new catalytic converters but also promotes sustainability by minimizing the environmental impact associated with mining these precious metals. The rise in recycling initiatives is expected to play a key role in shaping the future of the automotive catalytic converter market, offering both economic and environmental benefits.
𝐅𝐮𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐎𝐮𝐭𝐥𝐨𝐨𝐤: 𝐌𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐞𝐭 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐣𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐎𝐩𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐞𝐬
The automotive catalytic converter market is projected to reach a value of $198.06 billion by 2032, growing at a substantial CAGR throughout the forecast period. The continuous innovation in emission control technologies, coupled with the increasing adoption of stricter regulatory frameworks, will contribute to the market's growth.
Furthermore, the rising demand for electric and hybrid vehicles presents a unique opportunity for the market to diversify and develop catalytic converters suited to these advanced technologies. As automakers continue to invest in cleaner, more efficient solutions, the catalytic converter market will remain a vital component in the ongoing shift towards sustainable transportation.
In conclusion, the automotive catalytic converter market is on track for remarkable growth over the next decade. The combination of stricter emission standards, rising environmental concerns, technological advancements, and the increasing vehicle production will drive the demand for catalytic converters. With key challenges such as the volatility of precious metal prices and the rise of electric vehicles, the industry will need to adapt to ensure continued success. The market's future remains promising, with ample opportunities for innovation and growth in the years to come.
𝐑𝐞𝐚𝐝 𝐌𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝐓𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐧𝐠 "𝐏𝐌𝐑 𝐄𝐱𝐜𝐥𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐀𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐥𝐞":
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/north-america-dominate-psa-software-market-44-deyic
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/ai-iot-cloud-solutions-fuel-growth-global-botnet-sbctc
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/asias-robust-electronics-sector-powers-copper-lshpc
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/asia-pacifics-smart-city-growth-boosts-parking-2rhic
𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐜𝐭 𝐔𝐬:
Persistence Market Research
G04 Golden Mile House, Clayponds Lane
Brentford, London, TW8 0GU UK
USA Phone: +1 646-878-6329
UK Phone: +44 203-837-5656
Email: sales@persistencemarketresearch.com
Web: https://www.persistencemarketresearch.com
𝐀𝐛𝐨𝐮𝐭 𝐏𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐌𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐞𝐭 𝐑𝐞𝐬𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐡:
At Persistence Market Research, we specialize in creating research studies that serve as strategic tools for driving business growth. Established as a proprietary firm in 2012, we have evolved into a registered company in England and Wales in 2023 under the name Persistence Research & Consultancy Services Ltd. With a solid foundation, we have completed over 3600 custom and syndicate market research projects, and delivered more than 2700 projects for other leading market research companies' clients.
Our approach combines traditional market research methods with modern tools to offer comprehensive research solutions. With a decade of experience, we pride ourselves on deriving actionable insights from data to help businesses stay ahead of the competition. Our client base spans multinational corporations, leading consulting firms, investment funds, and government departments. A significant portion of our sales comes from repeat clients, a testament to the value and trust we've built over the years.
Permanent link to this press release:
Copy
Please set a link in the press area of your homepage
to this press release on woodPRI. woodPRI disclaims liability for any content contained in
this release.
Recommend

/newsMicroencapsulation Market Deep Analysis on Key Players - Dow Corning, Encapsys, Syngenta Crop Protection, Evonik Industries, 3M and Bayer
Market Study Report Adds Global Microencapsulation Market Size, Status and Forecast 2024 added to its database. The report provides key statistics on the current state of the industry and other analytical data to understand the market.
Extensive research is required for choosing the appropriate cor...

/newsGermany Airbag Market Size 2023: Global Share, Industry And Report Analysis By 2030 | Hyundai Mobis Co., Ltd. Key Safety Systems, Inc. Robert Bosch GmbH
Germany airbag market is expected to grow at a CAGR of around 6% during the forecast period. Germany Airbag Market research report refers to gathering and analyzing significant market data serve as best medium for various industry players to launch novel product or service. It is vital for key firms...

/newsSecurities Brokerages And Stock Exchanges Market Outlook 2021: Big Things are Happening
A new intelligence report released by HTF MI with title "Global Securities Brokerages And Stock Exchanges Market Survey & Outlook" is designed covering micro level of analysis by Insurers and key business segments, offerings and sales channels. The Global Securities Brokerages And Stock Exchange...

/newsRenewable Chemicals Market Emerging Trends and Competitive Landscape Forecast to 2028
The renewable chemicals market was valued at US$ 80,566.30 million in 2021 and is projected to reach US$ 1,76,750.76 million by 2028 it is expected to grow at a CAGR of 11.9% from 2021 to 2028. The research report focuses on the current market trends, opportunities, future potential of the market, a...

/newsHow Coronavirus is Impacting Cold Brew Coffee, Global Market Volume Analysis, Size, Share and Key Trends 2020-2026
"Market Latest Research Report 2020:
Los Angles United States, February 2020: The Cold Brew Coffee market has been garnering remarkable momentum in the recent years. The steadily escalating demand due to improving purchasing power is projected to bode well for the global market. QY Research's lates...

/newsCorporate E-Learning Market - Global Industry Size, Share, Key Players Analysis that are Infor, SkillSoft Corporation, Adrenna, CERTPOINT Systems and others with Regional Forecast to 2022
Overview:
E-Learning is used to enhance the learning procedures for newer job requirements and to make employees sound about the internal and external changes in the market and respective organizations. This method has created considerable differences in the ways of training and developing employee...