Genome Engineering Market, By Technology CRISPR, TALEN, ZFN, and others

Genome engineering is a process of insertion, deletion, modification or replacement of DNA bases in an organism. There are two types of gene therapy, Ex-Vivo Gene Therapy and In-Vivo Gene Therapy. Ex-vivo gene therapy involves the transfer of genes in cultured cells and then reintroducing in patient, while in In-vivo gene therapy, genes are directly delivered in cells of a particular tissue. Key companies such as CRISPR Therapeutics AG, Editas Medicine, Inc., and Intellia Therapeutics, Inc. are focusing on developing In-Vivo and Ex-vivo gene therapy. Major techniques used in genome engineering are CRISPR, TALEN, and ZFN. CRISPR (CRISPR-Cas9). These are innovative genome editing tools that enable researchers to edit parts of the genome by adding, removing, or altering sections of the DNA sequence. CRISPR is an accurate, faster, and cheaper technique for editing DNA as compared to others methods such as TALEN and ZFN. Transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALEN) is a technology widely used in live cell gene editing. Zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs) is an artificial restriction enzyme, which simplifies targeted editing of genome by creating double-strand breaks in DNA at user-specified locations.

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Increasing development of novel technologies in genome engineering is expected to drive growth of the global genome engineering market in the near future

Key players in the market are focusing on developing novel technologies and launching new products for genome engineering, in order to increase their market share. For instance, in February 2018, Sangamo Therapeutics, Inc. received clinical trial authorization (CTA) from Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) in the U.K. for its SB-FIX, a zinc finger nuclease (ZFN)-mediated in-vivo genome editing treatment for hemophilia B. CTA has allowed for the beginning of Europe's first in-vivo genome editing study. In 2017, Integrated DNA Technologies, Inc. launched the first Cas9 enzyme variant, which reduces off-target effects in CRISPR genome editing. The launch of latest Cas9 enzyme variant is a major step towards therapeutic use of CRISPR. In 2017, Scientists at Salk Institute for Biological Studies, modified CRISPR to epigenetically treat diabetes, kidney disease, and muscular dystrophy. They developed a latest version of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology, which allows for activation of genes without creating breaks in the DNA. The development of such novel technologies is expected to be major driving factor for growth of global genome engineering market.

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